Bridging the Digital Gap: Why Aren't All Older New Zealanders Online?

Key Insights: Understanding the Digital Divide

Age-Related Decline: Internet usage significantly decreases with age in New Zealand, dropping from over 97% for under 65s to as low as 50% for those 85 and older.
Multifaceted Barriers: A combination of factors, including low digital literacy, financial constraints, physical or cognitive limitations, perceived irrelevance, and security concerns, contribute to this gap.
Targeted Efforts: Various government and community initiatives are in place to enhance digital inclusion among seniors, but challenges persist in achieving universal connectivity.

New Zealand boasts a high internet penetration rate, with approximately 95.7% of the population connected as of early 2024. This means that while the vast majority of Kiwis enjoy the benefits of the digital world, a notable segment, roughly 224,200 people, remains offline. This digital divide becomes particularly pronounced when examining older age groups, specifically those aged 55 and over. Despite significant advancements in technology and infrastructure, achieving 100% internet connectivity for this demographic remains an ongoing challenge. This exploration delves into the complex reasons why a portion of New Zealand's older population is not yet connected to the internet, drawing on current data and research.

Seniors engaging with technology in a learning environment, highlighting efforts to bridge the digital literacy gap.

Internet Usage Statistics Among Older New Zealanders

The landscape of internet use in New Zealand reveals a clear trend: connectivity rates decline with increasing age. While younger demographics exhibit near-universal internet adoption, the picture changes for those in their later years.

Age-Specific Penetration Rates:

Under 65 years: Over 97% use the internet.
65-74 years: Approximately 90% are internet users.
75-84 years: This figure drops to around 75%.
85 years and older: Only about 50% engage with the internet.

These statistics underscore that while many older adults are online, a substantial proportion, especially within the oldest cohorts (75+), remains disconnected. This "digital drop-off" points to specific hurdles that become more prevalent or impactful with age.

Key Barriers to Internet Adoption for Older New Zealanders

Several interconnected factors contribute to why older New Zealanders, particularly those over 55, may not be connected to the internet. These barriers are not mutually exclusive and often compound each other.

1. Digital Literacy and Confidence

A primary obstacle is the lack of digital literacy and the confidence to navigate the online world. Many older adults did not grow up with digital technologies and may find them unfamiliar or intimidating.

Specific Challenges:

Lack of Skills: Difficulty understanding how to use devices (computers, smartphones, tablets) and software, or how to perform basic online tasks.
Fear of Mistakes: Anxiety about doing something wrong, falling victim to scams, or inadvertently compromising personal information.
Perceived Complexity: The ever-evolving nature of technology can feel overwhelming, making it hard to keep up with new interfaces and applications.

Research indicates that even when devices and internet access are available, the perceived difficulty and fear of making errors are significant deterrents for many seniors.

2. Financial Constraints and Affordability

The cost of internet services and the necessary devices can be a substantial barrier, especially for those on fixed or limited incomes, a common situation for many retirees.

Cost Factors:

Device Costs: The initial outlay for a computer, smartphone, or tablet can be prohibitive.
Subscription Fees: Ongoing monthly costs for broadband or mobile data plans can strain tight budgets. It's estimated that around 130,320 homes in New Zealand lack an internet connection due to cost.
Maintenance and Upgrades: The potential need for repairs or replacing outdated equipment adds to the financial burden.

Seniors, particularly those aged 85 and older, often cite affordability as a key reason for not being online.

3. Physical and Cognitive Limitations

Age-related physical and cognitive changes can make using digital technology challenging and, for some, impossible without assistance.

Common Limitations:

Visual Impairments: Difficulty reading small text on screens or distinguishing on-screen elements.
Hearing Loss: Challenges with audio content or online communication.
Reduced Manual Dexterity: Conditions like arthritis can make typing or using a mouse/touchscreen difficult.
Cognitive Decline: Issues with memory, attention, or problem-solving can hinder the ability to learn and use new technologies.

These limitations can discourage seniors from attempting to use the internet or make the experience frustrating.

4. Perceived Lack of Relevance or Interest

Some older adults may not see the internet as necessary or beneficial for their daily lives. They might feel their information and communication needs are adequately met through traditional means.

Reasons for Perceived Irrelevance:

Established Habits: Preference for traditional methods of communication (phone calls, letters, face-to-face interaction) and information gathering (newspapers, television).
Lack of Appealing Content: Feeling that online content is not tailored to their interests or needs.
Sufficient Social Connection Offline: Believing their current social networks are adequate without digital augmentation.

This mindset can reduce the motivation to overcome other barriers like learning new skills or incurring costs.

5. Mistrust and Security Concerns

Concerns about online safety, privacy, and the reliability of information are significant deterrents for many older New Zealanders. Older individuals (aged 70+) often report higher levels of concern about various aspects of the internet compared to younger users.

Specific Concerns:

Data Security and Privacy: Worries about personal information being stolen or misused.
Online Scams and Fraud: Fear of becoming a victim of phishing, financial scams, or other malicious online activities.
Misinformation and Disinformation: Concern about the accuracy and trustworthiness of online content.

This mistrust can lead to a reluctance to engage with online platforms, even for potentially beneficial activities.

6. Access and Infrastructure

While New Zealand has made significant strides with initiatives like the Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) and Rural Broadband Initiative (RBI), some access issues can still affect older individuals.

Access Considerations:

Rural and Remote Areas: Although improving, connectivity in some geographically isolated areas may still be less reliable or slower, potentially affecting older residents in these locations. However, urban vs. rural internet use rates are fairly close overall.
Support in Residential Care: Older adults in aged care facilities may face challenges if the facility lacks adequate internet infrastructure or staff support for residents' digital needs.

Visualizing the Barriers: Impact Across Older Age Groups

The following chart illustrates a hypothetical representation of how the impact of different barriers to internet adoption might vary across different age segments within the 55+ population in New Zealand. This is based on general trends observed in research, where certain barriers become more pronounced with advancing age.

This chart illustrates that while all barriers are relevant across the 55+ spectrum, factors like physical/cognitive limitations and digital literacy gaps tend to have an increasing impact on older age groups. Affordability and security concerns remain significant across all ages.

Mapping the Challenges: A Mindmap of Barriers

The following mindmap provides a visual summary of the primary reasons why older New Zealanders may not be connected to the internet. It highlights the interconnected nature of these challenges.

mindmap root["Barriers to Internet Adoption
for NZ Seniors (55+)"] id1["Digital Literacy & Confidence"] id1a["Lack of Foundational Skills"] id1b["Fear of Making Mistakes Online"] id1c["Perceived Complexity of Technology"] id2["Financial Constraints"] id2a["Cost of Devices (Computers, Smartphones)"] id2b["Ongoing Internet Subscription Costs"] id2c["Affordability on Fixed Incomes"] id3["Physical & Cognitive Limitations"] id3a["Visual or Hearing Impairments"] id3b["Reduced Manual Dexterity"] id3c["Cognitive Decline or Memory Issues"] id4["Perceived Lack of Relevance"] id4a["Preference for Traditional Communication"] id4b["Content Not Seen as Useful or Interesting"] id4c["Sufficient Offline Social Engagement"] id5["Trust & Security Concerns"] id5a["Worries about Data Privacy & Security"] id5b["Fear of Online Scams & Fraud"] id5c["Concerns about Misinformation"] id6["Access & Infrastructure Issues"] id6a["Gaps in Rural/Remote Connectivity (Minor)"] id6b["Lack of Support in Some Aged Care Settings"]

This mindmap visually breaks down the core issues, showing how various personal, economic, and social factors contribute to the digital divide among older New Zealanders.

Government and Community Responses

Recognizing these challenges, various initiatives have been launched in New Zealand to promote digital inclusion among seniors. These programs aim to address specific barriers through education, support, and improved access.

Key Initiatives:

SeniorNet: Learning centers across the country offering tailored technology training for older adults, helping them build skills and confidence.
SilverTech Smartphone Courses: Programs specifically designed to improve digital literacy related to mobile devices among seniors.
Skinny Jump: A subsidized broadband service providing more affordable internet access to eligible households, including seniors on limited incomes.
"Zero Data" Initiatives: Allowing free access to essential websites, such as certain health sector sites, on specific mobile networks.
Public Libraries and i-SITE Visitor Information Centres: Often provide free Wi-Fi access and sometimes offer digital literacy support.
Government Funding: Investments in expanding broadband infrastructure (UFB, RBI) and supporting digital inclusion programs.

Despite these efforts, reaching every unconnected older adult and overcoming deeply ingrained barriers requires ongoing and multifaceted approaches.

Understanding the Digital Divide for the Elderly

The digital divide experienced by older populations is a global phenomenon. The following video provides broader insights into the challenges elderly individuals face in an increasingly internet-dependent age. While not specific to New Zealand, it touches upon many of the universal themes discussed, such as the importance of access, skills, and overcoming fear of technology.

This TEDx talk by Harley Tabak discusses the digital divide faced by the elderly, highlighting the social implications and the need for greater attention to this issue.

The video emphasizes how being disconnected can lead to social isolation and limit access to essential services, reinforcing the importance of initiatives aimed at bridging this gap. For older New Zealanders, similar themes apply, where digital exclusion can mean missing out on online banking, telehealth services, government information, and crucial social connections with family and friends, especially during times like the COVID-19 pandemic which underscored the internet's utility.

Summary of Barriers and Initiatives

The following table summarizes the main barriers to internet adoption for older New Zealanders and some of the corresponding initiatives aimed at addressing them:

Barrier	Primary Affected Groups (within 55+)	Examples of NZ Initiatives/Solutions
Digital Literacy & Confidence	All, particularly pronounced for 75+	SeniorNet, SilverTech courses, Digital Inclusion Alliance Aotearoa programs, library workshops
Financial Constraints & Affordability	Those on fixed/low incomes, especially 85+	Skinny Jump (subsidized broadband), "Zero Data" for essential services, device refurbishment programs
Physical & Cognitive Limitations	75+, especially 85+, individuals with specific health conditions	Accessibility features in devices/software, assistive technologies, tailored training approaches
Perceived Lack of Relevance or Interest	Varies across individuals, can be linked to established lifestyle	Awareness campaigns highlighting benefits (e.g., connecting with family, accessing hobbies), developing age-appropriate content
Trust & Security Concerns	All, with heightened concern among 70+	Netsafe resources, cybersecurity education, digital safety guides for seniors, bank-led security awareness
Access & Infrastructure	Some rural/remote residents, individuals in certain aged care settings	Rural Broadband Initiative (RBI), Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) expansion, advocating for better connectivity in care facilities

Implications of the Digital Divide

The lack of internet access and digital skills among older New Zealanders has several significant implications:

Reduced Access to Information and Services: Many essential services, including government information, health resources (telehealth), banking, and retail, are increasingly moving online. Exclusion means missing out on convenience, and sometimes, on the services themselves.
Social Isolation: The internet provides vital tools for staying connected with family, friends, and communities, especially for those with limited mobility or living alone. Lack of access can exacerbate feelings of loneliness and isolation.
Health and Wellbeing: Online resources can support health management, provide access to health information, and facilitate social engagement, all of which contribute to overall wellbeing.
Economic Disadvantage: Inability to access online deals, manage finances digitally, or participate in the digital economy can lead to missed opportunities and potential financial exclusion.
Limited Civic Participation: As more civic engagement and information dissemination move online, those without access may be less informed and less able to participate in democratic processes.

Addressing the digital divide is therefore crucial not only for individual wellbeing but also for fostering a more inclusive and equitable society in New Zealand.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What percentage of New Zealanders over 75 use the internet?

Internet usage drops significantly for older age groups. For those aged 75-84, around 75% use the internet, and for those 85 and older, it's about 50%. This contrasts with over 97% usage for those under 65.

Is the cost of internet a major barrier for seniors in New Zealand?

Yes, financial constraints are a significant barrier. Many seniors are on fixed incomes and find the cost of devices (computers, smartphones) and monthly internet plans prohibitive. Initiatives like Skinny Jump aim to provide more affordable options.

What kind of help is available for older New Zealanders wanting to learn computer skills?

Several organizations offer support. SeniorNet provides peer-led learning in local centers across New Zealand. Libraries often run digital literacy workshops, and programs like SilverTech focus on smartphone skills. These aim to build confidence and practical digital skills.

Are older people more concerned about online security?

Research indicates that older adults, particularly those aged 70 and over, tend to have higher levels of concern about various aspects of the internet, including data security, privacy, online scams, and misinformation. This can make them more hesitant to go online.

Conclusion

While New Zealand has achieved impressive overall internet penetration, a segment of its older population, particularly those over 55 and increasingly so with advancing age, remains disconnected. This digital divide is not due to a single cause but rather a complex interplay of factors including limited digital literacy and confidence, financial barriers, physical and cognitive limitations, a perceived lack of relevance, and concerns about online security and trust. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires sustained and tailored efforts from government, community organizations, and families to ensure that older New Zealanders can also benefit from the opportunities the digital world offers, thereby enhancing their social inclusion, access to services, and overall wellbeing.