Using Selenium with VBA in Excel for Web Data Extraction

Your Comprehensive Guide to Automating Data Retrieval from Websites

Key Takeaways

Installation Process: Proper setup of SeleniumBasic and WebDriver is essential for seamless automation.
VBA Integration: Integrating Selenium with VBA allows powerful web interaction and data extraction directly into Excel.
Practical Examples: Step-by-step code examples demonstrate how to navigate websites, interact with elements, and extract data effectively.

Introduction

Automating data extraction from websites can significantly enhance productivity and accuracy, especially when dealing with large datasets. Excel's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) combined with Selenium—a robust web automation tool—offers a powerful solution for scraping and interacting with web data. This guide provides a detailed walkthrough on setting up and using Selenium with VBA in Excel, complete with illustrative examples to help you get started on automating your web data tasks.

Step 1: Installing SeleniumBasic

SeleniumBasic is a VBA-compatible version of Selenium that allows Excel to control web browsers for automation tasks. Follow these steps to install it:

Download SeleniumBasic: Visit the SeleniumBasic GitHub Releases page and download the latest .exe installer appropriate for your system.
Install SeleniumBasic: Run the downloaded installer and follow the on-screen instructions. The default installation path is typically C:\Users\<YourUsername>\AppData\Local\SeleniumBasic. Ensure that the installation completes without errors.
Add Selenium Type Library in VBA:
- Open Excel and navigate to the Developer tab.
- Click on Visual Basic to open the VBA editor.
- In the VBA editor, go to Tools > References.
- Scroll through the list and check the box for Selenium Type Library.
- Click OK to confirm and close the window.

Ensuring that SeleniumBasic is correctly installed and referenced in your VBA environment is crucial for the subsequent steps. This setup allows VBA to communicate with the Selenium WebDriver, enabling browser automation.

Step 2: Setting Up Your VBA Code for Selenium

Launching a Web Browser and Navigating to a Website

Below is a basic VBA script that launches a Chrome browser, navigates to a specified website, and then closes the browser. This foundational script can be modified to perform more complex tasks as needed.


Sub LaunchBrowser()
    ' Initialize a new instance of the WebDriver
    Dim driver As New WebDriver

    ' Start Chrome browser
    driver.Start "chrome"

    ' Navigate to the desired URL
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com"

    ' Optional: Maximize the browser window
    driver.Window.Maximize

    ' Wait for 5 seconds to allow the page to load
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

WebDriver Initialization: Creates a new WebDriver instance to control the browser.
Launching Chrome: The Start method initiates the Chrome browser.
Navigating to URL: The Get method directs the browser to the specified website.
Maximizing Window: Optional step to maximize the browser window for better visibility.
Waiting: Pauses execution to ensure the page fully loads before proceeding.
Closing Browser: The Quit method terminates the browser session.

Extracting Data from a Web Page

Here's an example that extracts the page title and a specific element's text from a website:


Sub ExtractPageData()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim pageTitle As String
    Dim headingText As String

    ' Start Chrome browser and navigate to website
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Extract the page title
    pageTitle = driver.Title
    Debug.Print "Page Title: " & pageTitle

    ' Extract text from an element with ID "main-heading"
    headingText = driver.FindElementById("main-heading").Text
    Debug.Print "Heading Text: " & headingText

    ' Write data to Excel sheet
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = "Page Title"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B1").Value = pageTitle
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A2").Value = "Heading Text"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B2").Value = headingText

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Extracting Page Title: Uses driver.Title to retrieve the current page's title.
Extracting Element Text: Locates an element by its ID and extracts the text content using .Text.
Writing to Excel: Utilizes VBA to input the extracted data into specific cells within the Excel worksheet.

Step 3: Advanced Data Extraction – Scraping Tables

Extracting data from HTML tables involves iterating through table rows and cells. This method is particularly useful for scraping structured data. Below is a comprehensive example:


Sub ScrapeTableData()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim table As WebElement
    Dim rows As WebElements
    Dim row As WebElement
    Dim cols As WebElements
    Dim col As WebElement
    Dim rowIndex As Integer
    Dim colIndex As Integer

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the target URL
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/table-page"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Locate the table by tag name (assuming there's only one table)
    Set table = driver.FindElementByTag("table")

    ' Check if the table was found
    If table Is Nothing Then
        MsgBox "Table not found on the page."
        driver.Quit
        Exit Sub
    End If

    ' Get all rows in the table
    Set rows = table.FindElementsByTag("tr")

    ' Initialize Excel row index
    rowIndex = 1

    ' Iterate through each row
    For Each row In rows
        Set cols = row.FindElementsByTag("td")
        colIndex = 1
        ' Iterate through each cell in the row
        For Each col In cols
            ' Write cell text to Excel
            Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(rowIndex, colIndex).Value = col.Text
            colIndex = colIndex + 1
        Next col
        rowIndex = rowIndex + 1
    Next row

    ' Optional: Auto-fit columns for better readability
    Sheets("Sheet1").Columns("A:Z").AutoFit

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Locating the Table: Uses FindElementByTag("table") to locate the first table element on the page.
Iterating Rows and Cells: Loops through each row (tr) and then through each cell (td) within the row.
Populating Excel: Inserts the extracted cell text into corresponding Excel cells.
Auto-fitting Columns: Enhances readability by adjusting column widths based on content.

Step 4: Interacting with Web Elements

Selenium allows you to interact with various web elements, such as input fields, buttons, and links. Here's how to perform common interactions:

Filling Out a Form


Sub FillOutForm()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim searchBox As WebElement
    Dim submitButton As WebElement

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the form page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/form-page"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Locate the search box by its name attribute and enter text
    Set searchBox = driver.FindElementByName("search")
    searchBox.SendKeys "Selenium VBA Automation"

    ' Locate the submit button by its name and click it
    Set submitButton = driver.FindElementByName("submit")
    submitButton.Click

    ' Wait for the results to load
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Optionally, extract and display results
    Dim resultText As String
    resultText = driver.FindElementById("result").Text
    Debug.Print "Result: " & resultText

    ' Write the result to Excel
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = "Form Result"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B1").Value = resultText

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Finding Elements: Uses FindElementByName to locate elements by their name attribute.
Sending Keys: The SendKeys method inputs text into the search box.
Clicking Buttons: The Click method simulates a button click.
Extracting Results: Retrieves text from the result element by its ID.
Writing to Excel: Inputs the extracted result into specific cells within the Excel worksheet.

Handling Multiple Elements

When a webpage has multiple elements with the same class or tag, you can handle them using the FindElements method. Here's an example:


Sub HandleMultipleElements()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim items As WebElements
    Dim item As WebElement
    Dim row As Integer

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the target page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/items-list"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Find all elements with class "item"
    Set items = driver.FindElementsByClass("item")

    ' Initialize Excel row index
    row = 1

    ' Loop through each item and extract text
    For Each item In items
        Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(row, 1).Value = item.Text
        row = row + 1
    Next item

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Finding Multiple Elements: Uses FindElementsByClass("item") to retrieve a collection of elements with the class "item".
Looping Through Elements: Iterates through each element in the collection and writes the text to successive rows in Excel.

Step 5: Error Handling and Debugging

In web automation tasks, various issues might occur, such as timeouts, missing elements, or browser compatibility problems. Proper error handling ensures your scripts run smoothly:


Sub RobustAutomation()
    On Error GoTo ErrorHandler

    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim element As WebElement

    ' Start browser and navigate
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com"
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Attempt to find an element
    Set element = driver.FindElementById("nonexistent-id")
    element.Click

    ' Continue with additional automation steps

    ' Clean up and exit
    driver.Quit
    Exit Sub

ErrorHandler:
    MsgBox "An error occurred: " & Err.Description
    ' Ensure browser is closed in case of error
    If Not driver Is Nothing Then driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

On Error Directive: Directs VBA to jump to the ErrorHandler label when an error occurs.
Error Handler: Displays a message box with the error description and ensures the browser is closed to prevent orphaned processes.
Graceful Termination: Regardless of where the error occurs, the script ensures that the browser is properly closed.

Implementing robust error handling not only prevents unexpected crashes but also aids in debugging by providing informative error messages.

Best Practices

Ensure Browser and WebDriver Compatibility: Make sure the version of the WebDriver (e.g., ChromeDriver) matches your installed browser version to prevent compatibility issues.
Use Explicit Waits: Instead of fixed waits, use Selenium’s explicit wait functions to wait for specific conditions, improving script reliability.
Modularize Your Code: Break down your automation scripts into reusable functions and subroutines to enhance maintainability and scalability.
Respect Website Policies: Always check the website’s terms of service to ensure that web scraping is permitted and complies with their policies.
Handle Dynamic Content: For websites that load content dynamically (e.g., using JavaScript), ensure your script waits appropriately and interacts with elements after they are fully loaded.
Optimize Performance: Close browser instances promptly after tasks are completed to free up system resources and prevent memory leaks.
Secure Your Scripts: Avoid hardcoding sensitive information such as login credentials within your scripts. Use secure methods to handle authentication.

Practical Examples

Example 1: Automating Google Search

This script automates a Google search and retrieves the title of the first search result:


Sub GoogleSearchAutomate()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim searchBox As WebElement
    Dim firstResult As WebElement

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to Google
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.google.com"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Enter search term
    Set searchBox = driver.FindElementByName("q")
    searchBox.SendKeys "Selenium VBA tutorial" & Keys.Enter

    ' Wait for results to load
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Get the title of the first search result
    Set firstResult = driver.FindElementByCssSelector("h3")
    Debug.Print "First Result Title: " & firstResult.Text

    ' Write to Excel
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = "First Search Result"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B1").Value = firstResult.Text

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Sending Keys with Enter: Uses Keys.Enter to simulate pressing the Enter key after typing the search term.
Selecting Elements with CSS Selectors: Utilizes CSS selectors to target specific elements, such as the first search result title.
Debugging Output: Uses Debug.Print to display the extracted data in the VBA immediate window for verification.
Writing Results to Excel: Populates specific cells with the search result data for easy analysis and reporting.

Example 2: Scraping Data from W3Schools HTML Tables

This example demonstrates how to extract data from a sample table on W3Schools and populate it into Excel:


Sub ScrapeW3SchoolsTable()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim table As WebElement
    Dim rows As WebElements
    Dim row As WebElement
    Dim cols As WebElements
    Dim cell As WebElement
    Dim r As Integer
    Dim c As Integer

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the table page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Locate the table with ID "customers"
    Set table = driver.FindElementById("customers")

    ' Check if the table was found
    If table Is Nothing Then
        MsgBox "Table with ID 'customers' not found."
        driver.Quit
        Exit Sub
    End If

    ' Get all rows in the table
    Set rows = table.FindElementsByTag("tr")

    ' Loop through each row and cell
    r = 1
    For Each row In rows
        Set cols = row.FindElementsByTag("td")
        c = 1
        For Each cell In cols
            Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(r, c).Value = cell.Text
            c = c + 1
        Next cell
        r = r + 1
    Next row

    ' Optional: Apply formatting to the Excel sheet
    With Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").CurrentRegion
        .Font.Bold = True
        .Borders(xlEdgeLeft).LineStyle = xlContinuous
        .Borders(xlEdgeTop).LineStyle = xlContinuous
        .Borders(xlEdgeBottom).LineStyle = xlContinuous
        .Borders(xlEdgeRight).LineStyle = xlContinuous
        .Borders(xlInsideVertical).LineStyle = xlContinuous
        .Borders(xlInsideHorizontal).LineStyle = xlContinuous
    End With

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Targeting Specific Tables: Uses FindElementById("customers") to locate a table with a specific ID.
Extracting Header and Data Rows: Loops through each row and cell, writing headers and data to Excel accordingly.
Applying Excel Formatting: Enhances the readability of the extracted data by applying bold fonts and borders to the table.

Step 6: Enhancing Your Automation Scripts

Using Loops and Conditional Statements

Incorporating loops and conditional statements can make your automation scripts more dynamic and adaptable to varying webpage structures. Here's an example:


Sub DynamicDataExtraction()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim elements As WebElements
    Dim element As WebElement
    Dim row As Integer

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the target page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/dynamic-content"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Find all elements with the class "data-item"
    Set elements = driver.FindElementsByClass("data-item")

    ' Initialize Excel row index
    row = 1

    ' Loop through each element and extract data based on a condition
    For Each element In elements
        If InStr(element.Text, "Specific Keyword") > 0 Then
            Sheets("Sheet1").Cells(row, 1).Value = element.Text
            row = row + 1
        End If
    Next element

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Conditional Data Extraction: Uses the If statement to filter and extract only those elements that contain a specific keyword.
Dynamic Row Indexing: Increases the row index only when data meets the specified condition, preventing empty rows in Excel.

Handling Pagination

When scraping data from websites that use pagination, it's essential to navigate through all available pages to collect comprehensive data. Here's how you can handle pagination:


Sub ScrapeWithPagination()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim nextButton As WebElement
    Dim hasNext As Boolean
    Dim pageCounter As Integer

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the first page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/paginated-data"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    pageCounter = 1
    hasNext = True

    Do While hasNext
        ' Extract data from the current page
        Call ExtractTableData ' Assume this is a separate subroutine

        ' Attempt to find the "Next" button
        On Error Resume Next
        Set nextButton = driver.FindElementByLinkText("Next")
        On Error GoTo 0

        If Not nextButton Is Nothing Then
            ' Click the "Next" button to go to the next page
            nextButton.Click
            driver.Wait 5000
            pageCounter = pageCounter + 1
        Else
            ' If "Next" button is not found, exit the loop
            hasNext = False
        End If
    Loop

    ' Optional: Notify the user about the completion
    MsgBox "Data extraction completed across " & pageCounter & " pages."

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Looping Through Pages: Utilizes a Do While loop to iterate through paginated pages as long as a "Next" button exists.
Error Handling: Uses On Error Resume Next to handle scenarios where the "Next" button might not be present, indicating the end of pagination.
Dynamic Data Extraction: Calls a separate subroutine (e.g., ExtractTableData) to handle data extraction on each page.
User Notification: Optionally notifies the user about the completion and the number of pages processed.

Step 7: Utilizing Tables for Structured Information

Utilizing HTML tables can help present structured information clearly. Here's an example table summarizing the key components of a Selenium VBA script:

Component	Description	Example Code
WebDriver Initialization	Creates a new instance of the WebDriver to control the browser.	`Dim driver As New WebDriver`
Starting the Browser	Launches the specified browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).	`driver.Start "chrome"`
Navigating to URL	Directs the browser to the desired webpage.	`driver.Get "https://www.example.com"`
Finding Elements	Locates web elements using various selectors (ID, Name, CSS Selector, XPath).	`Set element = driver.FindElementById("element-id")`
Interacting with Elements	Performs actions like clicking buttons, entering text, selecting options.	`element.Click`
Extracting Data	Retrieves text or attribute values from web elements.	`extractedText = element.Text`
Writing to Excel	Outputs the extracted data into specific cells in the Excel worksheet.	`Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = extractedText`
Closing the Browser	Terminates the browser session to free up system resources.	`driver.Quit`

This table provides a quick reference to the essential components involved in creating a Selenium VBA script, enhancing readability and understanding.

Example 3: Automating Login to a Website

Automating the login process to a website can streamline tasks that require authentication. Here's how you can achieve this:


Sub AutomateLogin()
    Dim driver As New WebDriver
    Dim usernameField As WebElement
    Dim passwordField As WebElement
    Dim loginButton As WebElement

    ' Start Chrome and navigate to the login page
    driver.Start "chrome"
    driver.Get "https://www.example.com/login"
    driver.Window.Maximize
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Locate the username and password fields
    Set usernameField = driver.FindElementById("username")
    Set passwordField = driver.FindElementById("password")

    ' Enter credentials
    usernameField.SendKeys "your_username"
    passwordField.SendKeys "your_password"

    ' Locate and click the login button
    Set loginButton = driver.FindElementById("loginBtn")
    loginButton.Click

    ' Wait for the dashboard or home page to load
    driver.Wait 5000

    ' Optional: Verify login by checking for a specific element on the dashboard
    Dim dashboardElement As WebElement
    Set dashboardElement = driver.FindElementById("dashboard")
    If Not dashboardElement Is Nothing Then
        MsgBox "Login Successful!"
    Else
        MsgBox "Login Failed."
    End If

    ' Close the browser
    driver.Quit
End Sub

Explanation:

Locating Input Fields: Uses FindElementById to locate the username and password fields on the login page.
Entering Credentials: Utilizes the SendKeys method to input the username and password.
Submitting the Form: Clicks the login button to submit the form and initiate the login process.
Verification: Optionally checks for an element that is only present upon successful login to confirm the action.

Step 8: Utilizing Code Blocks and Mathematical Formulas

While VBA scripting for Selenium primarily deals with automation tasks, there might be instances where integrating mathematical formulas enhances data processing. Additionally, properly formatted code blocks ensure code readability and compatibility with syntax highlighting tools like Highlight.js:

Sample VBA Code Block


Sub CalculateTotal()
    Dim quantity As Integer
    Dim price As Double
    Dim total As Double

    ' Assign values
    quantity = 10
    price = 15.5

    ' Calculate total
    total = quantity * price

    ' Display the result in Excel
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = "Total"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B1").Value = total
End Sub

Explanation:

Variable Declaration: Declares variables for quantity, price, and total.
Assignment: Assigns numerical values to the variables.
Calculation: Computes the total by multiplying quantity and price.
Output: Writes the result into the Excel worksheet for reference.

Incorporating Mathematical Formulas with MathJax

For more advanced data processing, integrating mathematical formulas can be beneficial. While VBA handles computations internally, presenting formulas using MathJax enhances clarity, especially when documenting or reporting the processes:

For instance, calculating the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) can be represented as:

$$ CAGR = \left( \frac{V_f}{V_i} \right)^{\frac{1}{n}} - 1 $$

Where:

V_f: Final value
V_i: Initial value
n: Number of periods

Implementing this in VBA:


Function CalculateCAGR(Vi As Double, Vf As Double, n As Double) As Double
    CalculateCAGR = (Vf / Vi) ^ (1 / n) - 1
End Function

Usage: If you want to calculate the CAGR between an initial investment of $10,000 and a final amount of $20,000 over 5 years, you would use:


Sub ExampleCAGR()
    Dim initial As Double
    Dim final As Double
    Dim periods As Double
    Dim cagr As Double

    initial = 10000
    final = 20000
    periods = 5

    cagr = CalculateCAGR(initial, final, periods)

    ' Display the CAGR
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("A1").Value = "CAGR"
    Sheets("Sheet1").Range("B1").Value = Format(cagr, "0.00%")
End Sub

This function calculates the CAGR and displays it in the Excel sheet, formatted as a percentage for better readability.

Step 9: Assigning Macros to Buttons for Easy Execution

Assigning macros to buttons in Excel provides a user-friendly way to execute automation scripts without navigating through the VBA editor every time. Here's how you can assign a macro to a button:

Insert a Button:
- Go to the Developer tab in Excel.
- Click on Insert.
- Choose the Button (Form Control) from the dropdown menu.
- Draw the button on your worksheet by clicking and dragging.
Assign the Macro:
- After drawing the button, the Assign Macro dialog box will appear.
- Select the macro you want to assign to the button (e.g., ScrapeTableData).
- Click OK.
Customize the Button Text:
- Right-click the button and select Edit Text.
- Enter a descriptive name for the button, such as "Run Scraper".

Now, clicking the button will execute the assigned macro, streamlining your workflow and making automation more accessible.

Step 10: Verifying and Validating Extracted Data

After extracting data, it's important to verify its accuracy and completeness. Here are some strategies to ensure data integrity:

Spot Checking: Manually verify a few entries in Excel against the source website to ensure data has been correctly extracted.
Automated Validation: Implement checks within your VBA scripts to validate data formats, such as ensuring dates are in the correct format or numerical values fall within expected ranges.
Error Logs: Create logs that record any discrepancies or errors encountered during the scraping process for further analysis.
Consistent Formatting: Apply consistent data formatting in Excel to facilitate easier data manipulation and analysis.

Ensuring the reliability of your extracted data is essential for making informed decisions based on accurate information.

Conclusion

Integrating Selenium with VBA in Excel unlocks powerful capabilities for automating web interactions and data extraction. By following the steps outlined in this guide—installing SeleniumBasic, setting up your VBA environment, writing robust automation scripts, and implementing best practices—you can streamline your data scraping tasks and enhance your workflow efficiency.

Remember to always handle errors gracefully and respect the terms of service of the websites you interact with. With practice, leveraging Selenium and VBA will become an invaluable skill in your Excel automation toolkit. Whether you're extracting financial data, monitoring online listings, or gathering research information, this integration provides a versatile solution to meet diverse data needs.

As you become more comfortable with Selenium and VBA, consider exploring advanced features such as handling AJAX calls, managing cookies and sessions, and integrating APIs for more sophisticated data extraction and processing tasks.

Using Selenium with VBA in Excel for Web Data Extraction

Your Comprehensive Guide to Automating Data Retrieval from Websites

Key Takeaways

Introduction

Step 1: Installing SeleniumBasic

Step 2: Setting Up Your VBA Code for Selenium

Launching a Web Browser and Navigating to a Website

Extracting Data from a Web Page

Step 3: Advanced Data Extraction – Scraping Tables

Step 4: Interacting with Web Elements

Filling Out a Form

Handling Multiple Elements

Step 5: Error Handling and Debugging

Best Practices

Practical Examples

Example 1: Automating Google Search

Example 2: Scraping Data from W3Schools HTML Tables

Step 6: Enhancing Your Automation Scripts

Using Loops and Conditional Statements

Handling Pagination

Step 7: Utilizing Tables for Structured Information

Example 3: Automating Login to a Website

Step 8: Utilizing Code Blocks and Mathematical Formulas

Sample VBA Code Block

Incorporating Mathematical Formulas with MathJax

Step 9: Assigning Macros to Buttons for Easy Execution

Step 10: Verifying and Validating Extracted Data

Conclusion

References